Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases

Many classical therapeutants are going to be banned in Europe, and an urgent need for alternatives is emerging. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of risks and benefits of current treatment options and new approaches to replace harmful therapeutants and minimize the number of toxic residues discharged into the environment. Treatments will be discussed on various parasitic infections and focus, where available, on Amyloodinium and Piscinoodinium.