Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: A global analysis of literature and national action plans

Since the establishment of a Global Action Plan (GAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) (68th World Health Assembly, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015), most members of the World Health Organisation (WHO) have developed and implemented a National Action Plan (NAP) based on a “One Health” approach to AMR. Aquaculture, significant among the food producing sectors, has often been overlooked in AMR governance. In this publication, systematic review of 95 country NAPs was done with the aim of assessing the inclusion of aquaculture. Scientific literature from 1996 until April 2021 was also reviewed to retrieve data characterising AMR in aquaculture during the last 25 years. In this analysis, 37% of countries did not mention an aquaculture component within their AMR NAP.