From the sea to aquafeed: A perspective overview

Aquaculture has been one of the fastest-growing food production systems sectors for over three decades. With its growth, the demand for alternative, cheaper and high-quality feed ingredients is also increasing. In this review, the current trends in using various marine organisms, ranging from microorganisms (including fungi, thraustochytrids, microalgae and bacteria) to macroalgae and macroinvertebrates as viable biological feed resources are assessed. This review focuses on the trend of circular use of resources and the development of new value chains. In this, a perspective of promoting novel circular economy value chains that promote the re-use of biological resources as valuable feed ingredients is presented. Thus, some potentially important marine-derived resources that deserve further investigations for improving or addressing circular aquaculture are highlighted.