A SWOT Analysis of the Use of Marine, Grain, Terrestrial-Animal and Novel Protein Ingredients in Aquaculture Feeds

A variety of new feed ingredients are emerging in the aquaculture feed sector. While the technological readiness of these options varies across and within the new ingredient classes, it remains important to consider them in terms of the overall feed ingredient spectrum. This review explores the use of marine, grain, terrestrial animal by-product, and a range of novel resources (e.g., bacterial and yeast) as potential protein feedstuffs for aquafeeds. In comparing the nutritional attributes of each ingredient class, an assessment framework is applied to understand the critical knowledge required to accommodate any ingredient in a formulation process. A Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-and-Threats (SWOT) analysis is also applied to each ingredient class to examine their future potential, risks, and opportunities. It is noted that all ingredients have strengths and weaknesses, and that there is no such thing as the perfect ingredient. By better appreciating the positives and negatives of each ingredient, it becomes possible to increase adaptability in responding to the various opportunities for their use in feeds.