Hungary

Type of species farmed (Source: 2023, EUMOFA; 2022, STECF; Hungary, personal com., January 11, 2023)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), North African catfish (hetero-clarias, hybrid variant), and hybrid stock of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis). There are also some relevant productions of Wels catfish (Silurus glanis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella).
 

Type of production method (Source: 2023, EUMOFA) 
 

With no direct access to the sea, aquaculture activity in Hungary is limited to freshwater farming. The following main production methods were used in 2021 according to FAO and Eurostat: 

▪ 76% of production: in ponds. 

▪ 24% of production: in tanks and raceways.
 

Sector’s size (production and consumption) (Source: 2021, Hungarian Statistics) 

• Production: 26.856 tonnes 
• Consumption: 6,52 Kg per capita 
   

Impact of aquaculture in the country’s economy, food market and labour market (Source: 2020, EuroFish) 

• In the past decade Hungary’s aquaculture production for human consumption has been showing a moderate growth of average 3.1% annually. 
• A growing subsector of aquaculture is intensive fish farming. The most important intensively reared species is North African catfish (hetero-clarias, hybrid variant) of which Hungary is the biggest producer in Europe, having increased its production from virtually zero to over 3 800 tonnes in twenty years.  
• No official data are available on the output from the fish processing sector in Hungary. 
• Hungary is a net importer of fish and seafood products. In 2021, 67% of the fish consumed in Hungary originated from import, 33% was domestically produced. Prepared and preserved fish made up the largest product group with a 53% share of the volume, followed by fillets (either fresh or frozen) with 20%, and whole frozen fish (except fillets) with a 12% share. Up to 90% of the imported volumes of fish and seafood originate from EU countries, mainly Poland, Germany, Spain, Czech Republic, and Italy in 2020.

Challenges and opportunities (Source: 2020, EuroFish & MNPSA)

Challenges: 

• Improve administrative procedures system: The number of authorities involved in granting authorisations and the multi-stage licensing system make the authorisation of aquaculture facilities complex and lengthy, despite some progress towards a one-stop shop and cooperation between authorities. 
• The aquaculture sector of Hungary faces several challenges, including a workforce shortage, the need for sustainable intensification of fish production, low profitability of fish farms, inadequate water efficiency, and detrimental environmental impacts of fish farms. In addition, there is a need to better recognize the ecosystem services provided by ponds farms which is in contrast with the statement on the detrimental impacts of aquaculture. Pond farms, which provide the majority of Hungarian fish production, generally produce fish extensively and are considered to possess many environmental benefits (maintaining significant biodiversity, landscape value, water retention, nutrient retention, flood control, climate mitigation), coping with the damage caused by fish-eating animals and the risk of Koi Herpes Virus. To achieve a higher level of fish consumption, it is important to increase the range of processed products, to improve traceability and to increase consumer trust, but it is also necessary to increase the profitability and competitiveness of the fish processing sector (2020, EuroFish). 

Opportunities: 

• Raising public awareness of the potential of aquaculture for rural development and establishing transparent land use criteria that can contribute to the identification of areas that are highly suitable for aquaculture activities at territorial level can be considered important objectives. 
• Increasing social awareness of the potential of aquaculture for rural development, including its economic and employment role, but also its ecological role (climate, habitat and biodiversity maintenance) 
• Developing, with the involvement of the relevant partners, a set of criteria and guidance for regional and local authorities and authorities involved in spatial planning in order to facilitate the designation of suitable areas for aquaculture activities.
   

Employment and number of enterprises (Source: Hungarian Statistics) 

In 2021: 375 enterprises, 1269 full-time employees, 193 part-time employees; temporary/casual employment of 22,254 person-days.  

Published National Strategic Plan on Aquaculture: Adopted by the Government on 15 November 2022. Hungary National Aquaculture Strategic Plan (in Hungarian)

Summary in English of the "Published National Strategic Plan on Aquaculture": Hungary National Aquaculture Strategic Plan 2021-2030

• Ministry of Agriculture
• Fisheries and Aquaculture Website of the Hungarian Government

National legislation in force: 

1. Basic legislation defining the basic legal and institutional framework for fisheries management: 

• Act CXXVI of 2012 on the Hungarian Chamber of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development; 
• Act CII of 2013 on fish farming and the protection of fish (Hhvtv.); 
• 314/2014. (XII. Government Decree No 12 of 12 on the fines for fish farming and fish conservation; 
• 383/2016. (XII. Government Decree No 2) on the designation of bodies performing official and administrative tasks in the field of agriculture; 
• 413/2017. (XII. Government Decree No 15) laying down rules relating to certain fisheries management procedures; 
• 182/2022. Government Decree of 24 May 2011 on the duties and powers of members of the Government (hereinafter: A Statute Regulation); 
• 133/2013. (XII. Decree No 29) of the Minister for Rural Development laying down certain rules on fisheries management and conservation; 
• 89/2015. (XII. Decree 22) of the Minister for Agriculture on certain rules for the granting of fish management rights to the State for asset management, leases by tender and sub-leases; 
• 90/2015. (XII. 22) FM Decree on the detailed conditions for the transfer by designation of the State’s right to fish farming and for subletting it. 

2. Basic national legislation and public-law regulatory instruments defining the framework for the preparation of the NAS and the operational programme: 

• Act XVII of 2007 on certain aspects of the procedure relating to agricultural, rural development and fisheries aid and other measures; 
• 2/2005. Government Decree 12/2001 (I. 11.) on the environmental assessment of certain plans or programmes; 
• 82/2007. (IV.) Government Decree 25) on the establishment and organisation of financial, accounting and control systems for programmes and measures supported by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, the European Fisheries Fund and the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund; 
• 38/2012. (III) Government Decree 12) on government strategic management; 
• 60/2014. (III) Government Decree No 6) on the central monitoring and registration of developments carried out with the aid; 
• 272/2014. (XI. Government Decree No 118/2011 of 5 December 2014 on the rules governing the use of assistance from certain European Union funds in the 2014-2020 programming period; 
• 256/2021. Government Decree No 18/2002 of 18 May 2021 on the rules governing the use of assistance from certain European Union funds in the 2021-2027 programming period; 
• 481/2021. (VIII.) 13) Government Decree 12/2000 on the use of appropriations under the chapter ‘Developments of the Economic Relaunch Fund’ and centrally managed appropriations in the EU Developments Chapter; 
• 1023/2019. (II) Government Decision No 11) on planning the use of EU cohesion funds for the period 2021-2027 to increase competitiveness; 
• Minister for Agriculture 5/B/2015. (III) 9) on the involvement in the programming and implementation process of the Hungarian Fisheries Operational Programme co-financed by the European Union for the period 2014-2020 and the related management arrangements.

3. National aid legislation: 

• 37/2011. (III) (22) Korm. on the procedure for State aid for the purposes of EU competition law and on the regional aid map; 
• 50/2007. (VI. Decree No 27) of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on institutional guarantees available to agricultural undertakings as de minimis aid; 
• 64/2008. Decree of 14 May 2004 of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on de minimis aid for participation in the quality carp production scheme; 
• 39/2011. Decree No 18/2001 of 18 May 2003 of the Minister for Rural Development on de minimis aid granted under the Agrarian Széchenyi Card Schemes; 
• 94/2013. Decree (X.10.) of the Minister for Rural Development on budgetary support for guarantee premiums in order to facilitate lending to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. 

4. Environmental and nature protection legislation and public-law regulatory instruments: 

• Decree-Law No 6 of 1986 promulgating the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, done at Bonn on 23 June 1979; 
• Act XLII of 1993 on Wildlife of International Importance, in particular the Convention on the Residence of Waterbirds, adopted at Ramsar on 2 February 1971, and its amendments adopted on 3 December 1982 and 28 May to 3 June 1987; 
• Act LIII of 1995 on the general rules of environmental protection (hereinafter: KVT.); 
• Act LXXXI of 1995 on the promulgation of the Convention on Biological Diversity; 
• Act LIII of 1996 on nature protection (hereinafter: Tvt.); 
• Act XXXII of 2003 promulgating the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, adopted at Washington on 3 March 1973; 
• Act CXXXVII of 2012 on the reservation to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, adopted at Washington on 3 March 1973, and promulgating an amendment to the Convention; 
• Act VIII of 2014 promulgating the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation to the Convention on Biological Diversity; 
• 33/1997. (II) Government Decree 20) on the rules relating to the imposition of nature conservation fines; 
• 67/1998. (IV.) Government Decree No 3) on restrictions and prohibitions on protected and specially protected communities of life; 
• 74/2000. Government Decree (V. 31.) on the promulgation of the Convention on cooperation for the protection and sustainable use of the Danube River, established in Sofia on 29 June 1994; 
• 130/2000. (VII.) Government Decree No 17/1992 promulgating the Convention for the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, signed in Helsinki on 17 March 1992; 
• 219/2004. (VII.) Government Decree 21) on the protection of groundwater; 
• 220/2004. (VII.) Government Decree 21) on the rules for the protection of the quality of surface water; 
• 275/2004. Government Decree (X.8.) on nature conservation areas of European Community interest; 
• 276/2004. Government Decree (X.8.) on the detailed rules for certain subsidies and compensation for the protection of nature; 
• 314/2005. (XII. Government Decree 25) on the environmental impact assessment and the uniform environmental use authorisation procedure; 
• 27/2006. (II) Government Decree 7) on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources; 
• 348/2006. (XII. Government Decree 23) laying down detailed rules for the protection, keeping, use and presentation of protected animal species; 
• 78/2007. (IV.) Government Decree No 24 of 24 on the basic environmental register; 
• 90/2007. (IV.) (26) Korm. on the rules for preventing and remedying environmental damage; 
• 91/2007. (IV.) (26) Korm. on the determination of the extent of damage caused to nature and on the rules for remediation; 
• 292/2008. (XII. Government Decree No 10) laying down certain rules for the implementation of international and European Community acts regulating international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora; 
• 71/2015. (III) Government Decree No 30) on the designation of bodies performing official and administrative tasks relating to the environment and nature conservation; 
• 408/2016 (XII. The Government Decree on the prevention and management of the introduction and spread of invasive alien species; 
• 19/1997. (VII.) 4.) Decree of the Minister for Transport and Transport on measures relating to confiscated protected natural assets; 
• 13/2001. Decree of 9 May 2004 of the Minister for the Environment on protected and specially protected plant and animal species, on the range of specially protected caves and on the publication of plant and animal species of conservation importance in the European Community; 
• 6/2002. (XI. (5)) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water on the limit values for the contamination of surface water used for the abstraction of drinking water or designated as a drinking water base and surface waters designated to ensure the living conditions of fish and their monitoring; 
• 30/2004. (XII. (30) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water Management on certain rules for the assessment of groundwater; 
• 31/2004. (XII. (30) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water Management on certain rules for the monitoring and assessment of the status of surface waters; 
• 12/2005. (VI. 17) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water Management on the detailed rules for imposing restrictions on the habitats and habitats of specially protected plant and animal species; 
• 27/2005. (XII. 6) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water Management on the detailed rules for the control of discharges of used and waste water; 
• 101/2007. (XII. (23) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water on the professional requirements for the intervention of groundwater resources and the drilling of water wells; 
• 30/2008. (XII. (31) Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water Management on the technical rules applicable to activities and facilities for the recovery, protection and prevention of damage to water; 
• 6/2009. (IV.) 14) Joint Decree of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Environment and the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on the limit values necessary for the protection of geological formations and groundwater against pollution and on the measurement of pollution; 
• 111/2009. (VIII.) 19) Decree of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on rules relating to the use of alien and locally absent fish species in aquaculture; 
• 14/2010. KvVM Decree (V. 11.) of the Minister for Environmental Protection and Water on land parcels affected by nature protection areas of European Community interest; 
• 14/2015. (III) Decree No 31) of the Minister for Agriculture on administrative service fees for environmental and nature conservation official procedures; 
• 32/2004. (IV.) 19) OGY Decision declaring protected indigenous or endangered Hungarian breeds of farmed animals of high genetic value to be national. 

5. Animal health, animal welfare and food safety legislation: 

• Act XXVIII of 1998 on the protection and welfare of animals; 
• Act XLVI of 2008 on the food chain and its official supervision Éltv; 
• Act CXXVII of 2012 on the Hungarian Chamber of Veterinary Medicine and on the provision of veterinary services; 
• Act LVI of 2019 on the statutory provisions necessary to regulate livestock production; 
• 244/1998. (XII. Government Decree No 31/1999 on animal protection fines; 
• 22/2012. (II) Government Decree No 29 of 29 on the National Food Chain Safety Office; 
• 40/2013. (II) (Gov. Decree) on animal testing; 
• 188/2019. (VII.) Government Decree No 30) on animal husbandry; 
• 41/1997. Decree No 30/2011 of 28 May 2004 of the Minister for Agriculture on the issue of the Animal Health Code; 
• 44/2003. (IV.) (26) Decree of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on the mandatory requirements of the Hungarian Feed Code; 
• 64/2007. (VII.) 23) FVM-EüM Joint Decree on food hygiene conditions for the placing on the market of food of animal origin and for the production of food at the point of sale; 
• 119/2007. Decree (X. 18.) of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on the national registration system of enclosures, cultures and certain data relating thereto; 
• 113/2008. (VIII.) 30) Decree of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on the procedure for the notification of animal diseases; 
• 127/2008. (IX. (29) FVM on animal health requirements for aquaculture animals and products thereof and on the prevention and control of certain diseases in aquatic animals; 
• 128/2009. Decree (X. 6.) of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on veterinary medicinal products; 
• 152/2009. (XI. 12) of the Minister for Agriculture and Rural Development on the mandatory requirements of the Hungarian Food Code; 
• 3/2010. (VII.) Decree 5) of the Minister for Rural Development on the provision of data and traceability in relation to the production and marketing of food; 
• 65/2012. (VII.) Decree No 4) of the Minister for Rural Development on certain rules on the production, placing on the market and use of feed; 
• 34/2013. Decree No 14/2001 of 14 May 2003 of the Minister for Rural Development on the certification, production, marketing, labelling and control procedures of agricultural products and foodstuffs in accordance with organic farming requirements; 
• 74/2013. (VIII.) Decree No 30) of the Minister for Rural Development on certain animal disease measures and related State compensation; 
• 36/2014. (XII. Decree No 17) of the Minister for Agriculture on food information; 
• 43/2014. (XII. (29) Decree of the Minister for Agriculture on the detailed conditions for the use of support for the tasks of organising rearing; 
• 61/2016. (IX. Decree No 15) of the Minister for Agriculture on indications referring to the absence of GMOs. 

6. Basic legislation on market and trade: 

• Act CLXIV of 2005 on trade; 
• Act CXXVII of 2007 on value added tax; 
• Act LXXVI of 2009 on the general rules on the commencement and pursuit of service activities; 
• Act XCVII of 2015 on certain aspects of the organisation of the markets in agricultural products, producer organisations and interbranch organisations; 
• 210/2009. (IX. (29.) Korm. on the conditions for carrying out commercial activities; 
• 2/2018. (II) 1.) Decree of the Minister for Agriculture on the detailed rules for the recognition and control of interbranch organisations. 

7. Legislation on access to territory and water: 

• Act LVII of 1995 on water management Vgtv.); 
• Act XXI of 1996 on Spatial Planning and Spatial Planning (hereinafter: Tftv.); 
• Act LXXVIII of 1997 on the development and protection of the built environment; 
• Act CXXXIX of 2018 on the spatial planning of Hungary and certain priority areas; 
• 253/1997. (XII. Government Decree 20) on national urban planning and construction requirements; 
• 31/2007. (II) (28) Korm. on the information system relating to spatial planning and spatial planning and the procedure for the mandatory disclosure of data; 
• 76/2009. (IV.) Government Decree No 8 of 8 on administrative procedures for spatial planning; 
• 190/2009. (IX. Government Decree No 15) on the activities of the main architect; 
• 218/2009. Government Decree 26/1998 (X. 6.) on the content requirements of the spatial planning concept, the spatial development programme and the spatial plan and the detailed rules for their integration, preparation, consultation, adoption and publication; 
• 16/2010. (II) Government Decree No 5/2015 on the collection, preservation, registration and utilisation of documents to be kept in connection with spatial planning and spatial planning; 
• 37/2010. (II) (26) Korm. on the territorial monitoring system; 
• 77/2010. (III) Government Decree No 25 of 25 on the authorisation of spatial planning and the designation of the authority responsible for the supervision of spatial planning activities; 
• 115/2014. (IV.) Government Decree No 3) on the charging system for the provision of agricultural water services; 
• 43/1999. (XII. (26) EIAM Decree on the calculation of the contribution to water resources. 

• Preliminary examination procedure. 
• Environmental impact assessment: It is necessary if, as a result of the preliminary procedure, the environmental authority considers it necessary to carry out an environmental impact assessment and, in the case of fish farming in an intensive cage or pond production plant, if it takes place in a protected site of national importance, and in the case of the establishment of a pond or lake system, if it covers more than 30 hectares of protected natural area of national importance. 
• Authorisation of the county government office. 
• Water Object Identification Statement. 
• Permit for the establishment of water rights. 
• Permit to operate water rights. 
• Authorisation and registration of fish farms. 
• Authorisation for the use of alien and locally absent species in aquaculture 
• The recognition of breeding organisations. 
• Notification of hatchery. 
• Drawing up a self-monitoring plan. 

• Hungarian Aquaculture and Fisheries Inter-branch Organisation (MA-HAL). 
• National Federation of Hungarian Anglers 
• Network of Aquaculture Centres in Central and Eastern Europe (NACEE) 
• Hungarian Aquaculture Technology and Innovation Platform (HUNATiP) 
• Hungarian Ichthyological Society 

• Fisheries and Aquaculture Website of the Hungarian Government 
• Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety 
• Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE HAKI) 
• Institute of Agricultural Economics (AKI) 

Name and surname: Peter Lengyel 

Position held and name of the organisation: Fisheries and Aquaculture Director, Department of Fisheries Management, Ministry of Agriculture 

Email address: peter.lengyel@am.gov.hu  

Telephone number: +36-1-795-6294