BFT is an innovative aquaculture approach that enhances sustainability and production efficiency by fostering a microbial community in nutrient-rich water. This community, known as "biofloc," consists of beneficial microorganisms that convert unconsumed feed into nutritious biomass, serving as a supplementary food source for cultured fish and shrimps. BFT significantly improves water quality by stabilizing harmful nitrogenous compounds, contributing to the overall health and reducing stress in aquatic organisms. This natural filtration process minimizes disease outbreaks. Moreover, the technology improves growth rates and survival, resulting in enhanced yields and profitability for farmers.
There are still significant problems for scalability of this technology, such as:
The technical management requires a precise understanding of microbial ecology and constant monitoring of water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels.
Another significant challenge is the risk of pathogen development due to improper system management, which can lead to imbalances in the microbial community and outbreaks of diseases.
Additionally, the initial installation costs associated with establishing a biofloc system can be significant, potentially deterring small-scale farmers.
Despite its advantages, BFT is implemented at a commercial scale in only a few locations in Europe, such as the Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in BFT systems in Castilla y León, Spain. In terms of research, European scholars from various countries, including Belgium (Ghent University), have successfully established BFT farming in tilapia ponds in Israel.
Recent advancements in BFT systems have focused on optimizing microbial community dynamics to improve feed conversion rates and growth performance. Innovations in aeration systems, real-time monitoring of water quality parameters, and utilizing various carbon sources (such as molasses or starch) have substantially enhanced the resilience and productivity of biofloc systems. Furthermore, research into the health benefits of biofloc as a feed supplement has demonstrated improved immune responses in cultured species, leading to better growth and survival rates.
Efforts to standardize practices and develop best management guidelines are essential for maximizing the benefits of biofloc technology in aquaculture. This environmentally friendly practice offers valuable applications such as feed for aquatic animals and a potential substitute for traditional fish ingredients in crustacean diets.