Towards Environmental Sustainability in Marine Finfish Aquaculture

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors and has great potential for food security and livelihoods. However, it generates concerning environmental consequences, including chemical and biological pollution, disease outbreaks, unsustainable feeds and competition for coastal space. Recent investigations are focusing on sustainable techniques (e.g., polyculture, offshore facilities) to improve the relationship between the industry, environment and society. This review provides an overview of the main factors of ecological concern within marine finfish aquaculture and their interactions with the environment. It highlights sustainable alternatives that are currently in use or development. Adequate environmental monitoring and location of farms, as the reduction and exploitation of wastes and chemicals being used, is crucial to ensure the growth and continuity of aquaculture production.