Ribogojstvo EU
V skupni ribiški politiki Evropske unije (SRP) je ribogojstvo opredeljeno kot „vzreja ali gojenje vodnih organizmov z uporabo tehnik za povečanje proizvodnje zadevnih organizmov, ki presega naravno zmogljivost okolja, pri čemer organizmi ostanejo v lasti fizične ali pravne osebe ves čas gojenja in gojenja, vse do nabiranja in vključno z njim“.
Akvakultura je eden najhitreje rastočih sektorjev proizvodnje hrane na svetu ter vse bolj prispeva k svetovni preskrbi s hrano in gospodarski rasti. V Evropi ima akvakultura ključno vlogo pri socialno-ekonomskem razvoju obalnih in rečnih območij ter ohranjanju morske rečne in ribiške kulture. Leta 2020 je sektor akvakulture EU dosegel 1,2 milijona ton v obsegu prodaje in 3,9 milijarde EUR v vrednosti prometa ter neposredno zaposloval približno 57 tisoč ljudi, ki delajo v približno 14 tisoč podjetjih. To so predvsem mikro in mala podjetja, ki so običajno v družinski lasti (STECS 22–17).
67 % ribogojne proizvodnje v EU je skoncentriranih v štirih državah članicah, in sicer v Franciji, Grčiji, Španiji in Italiji. Več kot polovica celotnega obsega ribogojne proizvodnje se osredotoča na lupinarje, morske in sladkovodne ribe pa predstavljajo približno 21 % oziroma 28 % skupne količine. Natančneje, najbolj gojene vrste so školjke, postrvi, ostrige, ribon, brancina, krapi in tun (infografikaEU o akvakulturi – socialno-ekonomski razvoj (2008–2020).
Pravna podlaga politike EU na področju akvakulture je skupna ribiška politika iz leta 2013, katere cilj je podpreti rast sektorja akvakulture EU, hkrati pa zagotoviti njegovo gospodarsko, okoljsko in socialno trajnost, da se zagotovi zdrav vir hrane za državljane EU in prispeva k prehranski varnosti. Natančneje, člen 34 „Spodbujanje trajnostne akvakulture“ določa odprto metodo usklajevanja med državami članicami na podlagi strateških smernic Komisije za bolj trajnostno in konkurenčno akvakulturo EU (ki so bile prvič sprejete leta 2013 in revidirane leta 2021). Te smernice so osrednji steber strateškega usklajevanja politike akvakulture v Uniji, njihov namen pa je vzpostaviti konkurenčen in odporen sektor akvakulture EU; sodeluje pri zelenem prehodu; zagotavlja družbeno sprejemljivost in obveščanje potrošnikov; povečuje znanje in inovacije. Na podlagi tega so bile države članice pozvane, naj pregledajo svoje večletne nacionalne strateške načrte za akvakulturo, v katerih morajo določiti svoje načrte, cilje in ustrezne ukrepe za spodbujanje in razvoj trajnostne akvakulture na svojem ozemlju. Objavljeni nacionalni nacionalni ponudniki storitev, vključno s povzetkom v angleščini, so na voljo v razdelku Informacije o državah na spletišču AAM.
Izvajanje strateških smernic in večletnih nacionalnih strateških načrtov podpira financiranje, ki je na voljo v okviru Evropskega sklada za pomorstvo in ribištvo (ESPRA), ki traja od leta 2021 do leta 2027. Z drugimi programi financiranja EU, kot sta Obzorje Evropa ali BlueInvest II, se financirajo tudi raziskave in projekti, povezani z akvakulturo.
Več o akvakulturnem sektorju EU je na voljo na naslednjih povezavah:
- Generalni direktorat Komisije za pomorske zadeve in ribištvo (GD MARE)
- Znanstveni, tehnični in gospodarski odbor za ribištvo (STECF) – sektor akvakulture EU – gospodarsko poročilo za leto 2022 (STECF 22–17)
The legal basis of the EU aquaculture policy lies in the 2013 CFP, which aims to support the growth of the EU aquaculture sector while ensuring its economic, environmental, and social sustainability to provide a source of healthy food for EU citizens and contribute to food security. Specifically, Article 34, “Promoting sustainable aquaculture”, establishes an open coordination method between Member States based on the Commission’s Strategic Guidelines for a more sustainable and competitive EU aquaculture (first adopted in 2013 and revised in 2021).
These guidelines constitute the central pillar of the strategic coordination of aquaculture policy in the Union and seek to build an EU aquaculture sector that is competitive and resilient; participates in the green transition; ensures social acceptance and consumer information; increases knowledge and innovation. Based on these, Member States have been asked to review their Multiannual National Strategic Plans (MNSPs) for aquaculture, where they must lay out their plans, objectives and appropriate measures for the promotion and development of sustainable aquaculture in their territory. Published MNSPs, including a summary in English, can be found under the section Country Information in the AAM website.
The implementation of the Strategic Guidelines and the MNSPs is being supported by funding made available in the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFAF), which runs from 2021 to 2027. Other EU funding programmes, such as Horizon Europe or BlueInvest II, also finance aquaculture-related research and projects.
Learn more about the EU aquaculture sector at the following links:
- Commission’s Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE)
- Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – The EU Aquaculture Sector – Economic Report 2024 (STECF 24-14)
Mehanizem EU za pomoč v akvakulturi
Mehanizem EU za pomoč akvakulturi (AAM) je namenjen podpori državam članicam, industriji akvakulture in drugim ustreznim deležnikom pri izvajanju strateških smernic za bolj trajnostno in konkurenčno akvakulturo EU za obdobje 2021–2030 z zagotavljanjem logistične, upravne in tehnične pomoči ter točke „vse na enem mestu“ za znanje in prakse o trajnostni akvakulturi v EU.
Mehanizem pomoči je del pogodbe o opravljanju storitev, ki jo skupaj upravljata Evropska izvajalska agencija za podnebje, infrastrukturo in okolje (CINEA) in GD MARE. Konzorcij usklajujejo NTT DATA,Poseidon, SCOPE – Netcompany,Evropsko združenje zaakvakulturo (EAS) ter evropska tehnološka in inovacijska platforma za akvakulturo (EATIP). Pogodba o opravljanju storitev se je začela julija 2024 in bo trajala do junija 2026.
Cilji
AAM zagotavlja Evropski komisiji in državam članicam EU logistično, tehnično in upravno podporo za izvajanje novih strateških smernic.
Natančneje, za dosego končnega cilja EU AAM je nujno potrebnih več ciljev:
- Zbiranje in izmenjava znanja, dobrih praks, spodbujanje ustreznih dogodkov, razširjanje novic in drugih informacij o trajnostni akvakulturi v EU.
- Zagotavljanje tehničnega strokovnega znanja o trajnostni akvakulturi s podporo Evropski komisiji pri pripravi smernic in referenčnih dokumentov o različnih vidikih politike akvakulture
- Razvoj orodij za usposabljanje in e-učenje v zvezi s temi smernicami in referenčnimi dokumenti
- Odgovarjanje na vprašanja držav članic in deležnikov o pripravljenih smernicah
- Organizirati dogodke, delavnice, konference, usposabljanje in tehnična srečanja, namenjena državam članicam EU, industriji akvakulture in drugim deležnikom, da bi podprli izvajanje strateških smernic EU o akvakulturi.
- Collecting and sharing knowledge, good practices, promoting relevant events, disseminating news and other information about sustainable aquaculture in the EU.
- Providing technical expertise on sustainable aquaculture by supporting the EU Commission to develop guidance documents and background papers on different aspects of aquaculture policy
- Developing training and e-learning tools on these guidance documents and background papers
- Replying to questions from Member States and stakeholders on the guidance documents developed
- Organize events, workshops, conferences, training, and technical meetings directed to EU Member States, the aquaculture industry and other stakeholders to support the implementation of the EU strategic guidelines on aquaculture.
Related links
EU Reference Centres for animal welfare (foreseen under the Official Controls Regulation, adopted in March 2017, which harmonises EU rules on official controls along the whole agri-food chain) are established to assist EU Members States (MS) in their official controls on animal welfare rules on farm, during transport and at the time of slaughter or killing.
The European Union Reference Centre for the Welfare of Aquatic Animals (EURCAW-Aqua) launched in January 2024 was created in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council and will support the activities of the European Commission and Member States by carrying out scientific and technical studies, as well as conducting training courses and disseminating research findings and information on technical innovations, mainly focusing on the welfare of fish, cephalopods and decapods.
Priority will be given to farmed aquatic species of economic significance for European aquaculture. The EURCAW-Aqua is structured to address the main challenges in assessing the welfare of aquatic organisms, namely the large number of farmed species, the diversity of farming systems and different aquatic environments.
The EURCAW-Aqua will conduct and facilitate the research in the underdeveloped area of aquatic animals’ welfare and will engage in public outreach and awareness.
The work of the EURCAW-Aqua will support aquatic animal welfare objectives contained within the Strategic Guidelines for a Sustainable European Aquaculture.
The European Partnership on Animal Health and Welfare (EUP AHW) is a co-funded European partnership for research and innovation created at the instigation of the EC to address infectious diseases of animals, including aquatic animals, and to promote animal welfare.
Launched in 2024 the Partnership is anticipated to invest €360 million over seven years to boost research and facilitate cooperation between all actors.
The Partnership aims to enhance cross sector collaboration and, through a One Health and One Welfare approach, to provide societal impact.
The objectives of the EUP AHW align with the European Green Deal and its associated Farm to Fork strategy for a fair, healthy, and environmentally friendly food system.
The Energy Transition Partnership for EU Fisheries and Aquaculture (ETP) is a collaborative platform designed to accelerate the energy transition in the European fisheries and aquaculture sectors.
Launched by the European Commission in 2023, the ETP tackles technical, financial, and regulatory barriers by bringing together stakeholders to create practical, actionable solutions.
Membership of the partnership is open to stakeholders across the aquaculture and fisheries sector. It is the intention of the Partnership that through thematic dialogues and workshops, participants address key areas such as innovation, technology, skills, and finance.
Outputs from these activities will contribute to the development of a (voluntary) roadmap, featuring measurable short, mid and longer term milestones alongside concrete actions, with the aim of guiding the sector towards climate neutrality by 2050.
The ETP serves as a hub for sharing knowledge, showcasing best practices, and highlighting innovative projects that support the energy transition.
In addition the ETP operates an ETP Support Group, where ETP Stakeholders can collaborate to discuss challenges, explore strategic approaches, and contribute to shaping the sector's future.