Akvakultura EU-a
Zajednička ribarstvena politika Europske unije (ZRP) definira akvakulturu kao „uzgoj ili uzgoj vodenih organizama primjenom tehnika osmišljenih za povećanje proizvodnje predmetnih organizama iznad prirodnog kapaciteta okoliša, pri čemu organizmi ostaju u vlasništvu fizičke ili pravne osobe tijekom faze uzgoja i kulture, do i uključujući izlov”.
Akvakultura je jedan od najbrže rastućih sektora proizvodnje hrane na svijetu i sve važniji doprinosi globalnoj opskrbi hranom i gospodarskom rastu. U Europi akvakultura ima ključnu ulogu u društveno-gospodarskom razvoju obalnih i riječnih područja te u očuvanju morske riječne kulture i kulture ribarstva. Sektor akvakulture u EU-u 2020. dosegnuo je 1,2 milijuna tona u obujmu prodaje i 3,9 milijardi EUR u vrijednosti prometa te je izravno zapošljavao oko 57 tisuća osoba koje rade za oko 14 tisuća poduzeća. To su prvenstveno mikropoduzeća i mala poduzeća koja su obično u obiteljskom vlasništvu (STECF 22 – 17).
67 % akvakulturne proizvodnje u EU-u koncentrirano je u četirima državama članicama: Francuskoj, Grčkoj, Španjolskoj i Italiji. Više od polovine ukupne količine akvakulturne proizvodnje usmjereno je na školjkaše, dok morske i slatkovodne ribe čine oko 21 % i 28 % ukupne količine. Točnije, vrste koje se najviše uzgajaju jesu dagnje, pastrva, kamenice, rumenca, lubin, šaran i tuna (Infografika akvakulture EU-a – Socioekonomski razvoj (2008. – 2020.)).
Pravna osnova politike akvakulture EU-a nalazi se u ZRP-u iz 2013., čiji je cilj poduprijeti rast sektora akvakulture EU-a uz istodobno osiguravanje njegove gospodarske, okolišne i socijalne održivosti kako bi se građanima EU-a osigurao izvor zdrave hrane i doprinijelo sigurnosti opskrbe hranom. Konkretno, člankom 34. „Promicanje održive akvakulture” uspostavlja se metoda otvorene koordinacije među državama članicama na temelju Komisijinih strateških smjernica za održiviju i konkurentniju akvakulturu u EU-u ( prvi put donesene 2013. i revidirane 2021.). Te su smjernice središnji stup strateške koordinacije politike akvakulture u Uniji i njima se nastoji izgraditi konkurentan i otporan sektor akvakulture EU-a; sudjeluje u zelenoj tranziciji; osigurava društvenu prihvaćenost i informiranje potrošača; povećava znanje i inovacije. Na temelju toga od država članica zatraženo je da preispitaju svoje višegodišnje nacionalne strateške planove za akvakulturu u kojima moraju iznijeti svoje planove, ciljeve i odgovarajuće mjere za promicanje i razvoj održive akvakulture na svojem državnom području. Objavljeni MNSP-i, uključujući sažetak na engleskom jeziku, mogu se pronaći u odjeljku Informacije o zemljama na internetskim stranicama AAM-a.
Provedba strateških smjernica i višegodišnjih nacionalnih strateških planova podupire se sredstvima dostupnima u okviru Europskog fonda za pomorstvo i ribarstvo (EFPRA) koji traje od 2021. do 2027. Drugim programima financiranja EU-a, kao što su Obzor Europa ili BlueInvest II, financiraju se i istraživanja i projekti povezani s akvakulturom.
Saznajte više o sektoru akvakulture EU-a na sljedećim poveznicama:
- Glavna uprava Komisije za pomorstvo i ribarstvo (GU MARE)
- Znanstveni, tehnički i gospodarski odbor za ribarstvo (STECF) – Sektor akvakulture EU-a – gospodarsko izvješće za 2022. (STECF 22 – 17)
The legal basis of the EU aquaculture policy lies in the 2013 CFP, which aims to support the growth of the EU aquaculture sector while ensuring its economic, environmental, and social sustainability to provide a source of healthy food for EU citizens and contribute to food security. Specifically, Article 34, “Promoting sustainable aquaculture”, establishes an open coordination method between Member States based on the Commission’s Strategic Guidelines for a more sustainable and competitive EU aquaculture (first adopted in 2013 and revised in 2021).
These guidelines constitute the central pillar of the strategic coordination of aquaculture policy in the Union and seek to build an EU aquaculture sector that is competitive and resilient; participates in the green transition; ensures social acceptance and consumer information; increases knowledge and innovation. Based on these, Member States have been asked to review their Multiannual National Strategic Plans (MNSPs) for aquaculture, where they must lay out their plans, objectives and appropriate measures for the promotion and development of sustainable aquaculture in their territory. Published MNSPs, including a summary in English, can be found under the section Country Information in the AAM website.
The implementation of the Strategic Guidelines and the MNSPs is being supported by funding made available in the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFAF), which runs from 2021 to 2027. Other EU funding programmes, such as Horizon Europe or BlueInvest II, also finance aquaculture-related research and projects.
Learn more about the EU aquaculture sector at the following links:
- Commission’s Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE)
- Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – The EU Aquaculture Sector – Economic Report 2024 (STECF 24-14)
Mehanizam EU-a za pomoć u akvakulturi
Cilj je Mehanizma EU-a za pomoć u akvakulturi (AAM) pružiti potporu državama članicama, industriji akvakulture i drugim relevantnim dionicima u provedbi strateških smjernica za održiviju i konkurentniju akvakulturu EU-a za razdoblje 2021. 2030. pružanjem logističke, administrativne i tehničke pomoći te jedinstvene kontaktne točke za znanje i prakse u području održive akvakulture u EU-u.
Mehanizam pomoći dio je ugovora o uslugama kojim zajednički upravljaju Europska izvršna agencija za klimu, infrastrukturu i okoliš (CINEA) i GU MARE. Konzorcij koordiniraju NTT DATA,Poseidon, SCOPE – Netcompany,Europsko društvoza akvakulturu (EAS) iEuropska platforma zatehnologiju i inovacije u akvakulturi (EATIP). Ugovor o uslugama započeo je u srpnju 2024. i trajat će do lipnja 2026.
Ciljevi
AAM Europskoj komisiji i državama članicama EU-a pruža logističku, tehničku i administrativnu potporu za provedbu novih strateških smjernica.
Konkretno, za postizanje konačnog cilja misije EU-a za azil ključno je nekoliko ciljeva:
- Prikupljanje i razmjena znanja, dobre prakse, promicanje relevantnih događanja, širenje vijesti i drugih informacija o održivoj akvakulturi u EU-u.
- Pružanje tehničkog stručnog znanja o održivoj akvakulturi pružanjem potpore Europskoj komisiji u izradi smjernica i popratnih dokumenata o različitim aspektima politike akvakulture
- Razvoj alata za osposobljavanje i e-učenje o tim smjernicama i popratnim dokumentima
- Odgovor na pitanja država članica i dionika o izrađenim smjernicama
- Organizirati događanja, radionice, konferencije, osposobljavanje i tehničke sastanke namijenjene državama članicama EU-a, industriji akvakulture i drugim dionicima kako bi se podržala provedba strateških smjernica EU-a o akvakulturi.
- Collecting and sharing knowledge, good practices, promoting relevant events, disseminating news and other information about sustainable aquaculture in the EU.
- Providing technical expertise on sustainable aquaculture by supporting the EU Commission to develop guidance documents and background papers on different aspects of aquaculture policy
- Developing training and e-learning tools on these guidance documents and background papers
- Replying to questions from Member States and stakeholders on the guidance documents developed
- Organize events, workshops, conferences, training, and technical meetings directed to EU Member States, the aquaculture industry and other stakeholders to support the implementation of the EU strategic guidelines on aquaculture.
Related links
EU Reference Centres for animal welfare (foreseen under the Official Controls Regulation, adopted in March 2017, which harmonises EU rules on official controls along the whole agri-food chain) are established to assist EU Members States (MS) in their official controls on animal welfare rules on farm, during transport and at the time of slaughter or killing.
The European Union Reference Centre for the Welfare of Aquatic Animals (EURCAW-Aqua) launched in January 2024 was created in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council and will support the activities of the European Commission and Member States by carrying out scientific and technical studies, as well as conducting training courses and disseminating research findings and information on technical innovations, mainly focusing on the welfare of fish, cephalopods and decapods.
Priority will be given to farmed aquatic species of economic significance for European aquaculture. The EURCAW-Aqua is structured to address the main challenges in assessing the welfare of aquatic organisms, namely the large number of farmed species, the diversity of farming systems and different aquatic environments.
The EURCAW-Aqua will conduct and facilitate the research in the underdeveloped area of aquatic animals’ welfare and will engage in public outreach and awareness.
The work of the EURCAW-Aqua will support aquatic animal welfare objectives contained within the Strategic Guidelines for a Sustainable European Aquaculture.
The European Partnership on Animal Health and Welfare (EUP AHW) is a co-funded European partnership for research and innovation created at the instigation of the EC to address infectious diseases of animals, including aquatic animals, and to promote animal welfare.
Launched in 2024 the Partnership is anticipated to invest €360 million over seven years to boost research and facilitate cooperation between all actors.
The Partnership aims to enhance cross sector collaboration and, through a One Health and One Welfare approach, to provide societal impact.
The objectives of the EUP AHW align with the European Green Deal and its associated Farm to Fork strategy for a fair, healthy, and environmentally friendly food system.
The Energy Transition Partnership for EU Fisheries and Aquaculture (ETP) is a collaborative platform designed to accelerate the energy transition in the European fisheries and aquaculture sectors.
Launched by the European Commission in 2023, the ETP tackles technical, financial, and regulatory barriers by bringing together stakeholders to create practical, actionable solutions.
Membership of the partnership is open to stakeholders across the aquaculture and fisheries sector. It is the intention of the Partnership that through thematic dialogues and workshops, participants address key areas such as innovation, technology, skills, and finance.
Outputs from these activities will contribute to the development of a (voluntary) roadmap, featuring measurable short, mid and longer term milestones alongside concrete actions, with the aim of guiding the sector towards climate neutrality by 2050.
The ETP serves as a hub for sharing knowledge, showcasing best practices, and highlighting innovative projects that support the energy transition.
In addition the ETP operates an ETP Support Group, where ETP Stakeholders can collaborate to discuss challenges, explore strategic approaches, and contribute to shaping the sector's future.